As I noted in the dispatch of my observations of Gilda and To Have and Have Not, I also mentioned that I saw some film noir from the 1950s and 1960s as well as the 1940s.
With that, let me spotlight the 1950s. To be specific, I will spotlight two films directed by Otto Preminger - Anatomy of a Murder starring Jimmy Stewart, George C. Scott and Lee Remick and The Man with the Golden Arm starring Frank Sinatra, Kim Novak and Darren McGavin.
I should note that I saw Anatomy of a Murder yesterday afternoon while viewing The Man with the Golden Arm earlier today. The two films were paired with All Night Long starring Patrick McGoohan and A Man Called Adam starring Sammy Davis, Jr. which I will focus my attention upon in my dispatch on Film Noir of the 1960s.
It did strike Foster Hirsch as peculiar that Anatomy of a Murder would be paired with All Night Long. Not so with me. Duke Ellington appears in the former while both Charles Mingus and Dave Brubeck appear in the latter. The pairing of The Man with The Golden Arm and A Man Called Adam was less peculiar. Aside from the similarity in the title, both films star members of The Brat Pack. Fellow Brat Pack members Peter Lawford was also in A Man Called Adam as was Frank Sinatra, Jr.
Getting back to the Preminger films, Hirsch wrote a biography of Preminger which was released in 2007 titled Otto Preminger: The Man Who Would Be King. While I found some of Hirsch's observations about Gilda to be peculiar, he might very well be the world's most reliable authority on the life and work of Otto Preminger.
Anatomy of a Murder
Adapted from a novel of the same name written by Michigan Supreme Court Justice John D. Voelker (using the pen name Robert Traver), it was inspired by a real-life murder in Michigan's Upper Peninsula where the film was shot. Hirsch noted prior to the screening of the film that Preminger kept the cast on location for the duration of the film whether they were scheduled to shoot or not. As a result, a family atmosphere would develop among the cast.
In the film, a former DA turned defense attorney Paul Biegler (Jimmy Stewart) defends Lt. Frederick Mannion, a soldier accused of murder (Ben Gazzara). While the soldier did in fact kill someone, there is the mitigating circumstance of the murder victim allegedly raping his wife Laura Manion (Lee Remick).
At the time of its release, Anatomy of a Murder dealt frankly with the matter of sexual assault using terms like "rape", "sperm" and "penetration". Preminger wanted to force local censorship boards to weigh in on the controversial subject matter in order that freedom of speech would prevail.
For the most part it did prevail. However, I suspect that it did in great part because much of the film is played for laughs particularly the courtroom scenes with Jimmy Stewart. I also suspect that Stewart had sufficient gravitas that he could utter those words while maintaining a light atmosphere.
Hirsch mentioned that the film was banned in South Africa for decades mainly because Preminger refused to delete a scene featuring Stewart and Duke Ellington sitting together playing a piano. Their presence on the piano bench is both marvelous in sight and in sound.
Anatomy of a Murder featured some remarkable supporting performances from the likes of Arthur O'Connell, George C. Scott, Eve Arden, Orson Bean, Murray Hamilton (who most people remember as the mayor from Jaws) and Joseph Welch. Yes, that Joseph Welch - the one who stared down Joseph McCarthy and single-handedly discredited McCarthyism. Welch portrayed the judge and was granted the film's best lines delivered with the sort of dry wit necessary to bring down a man like McCarthy.
Anatomy of a Murder would receive 7 Oscar nominations including Best Picture, Best Actor nomination for Jimmy Stewart and two Best Supporting Actor nominations for George C. Scott and Arthur O'Connell. Curiously, Preminger did not receive a Best Director nomination. It is probably just as well as Anatomy of a Murder didn't win any Oscar statues as Ben-Hur would win a record 11 Oscars (which has since been tied by both Titanic and Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King).
Hirsch confessed that because of Anatomy of a Murder that he always wanted to be selected for jury duty. As soon as I heard that, I said to myself, "Be careful for what you wish."
The Man with the Golden Arm
This film was released in 1955, four years prior to Anatomy of a Murder. As with Anatomy of a Murder, Preminger wanted to challenge local censorship boards. On this occasion, he sought to challenge them on the question of drug addiction.
The similarities between the two films end there. While Anatomy of a Murder was shot on location in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, The Man with the Golden Arm was shot on a soundstage. While Anatomy of a Murder kept things light despite difficult subject matter, lightness was nearly non-existent in The Man with the Golden Arm.
Adapted from the book of the same name by Nelson Algren, Frank Sinatra plays Frankie Machine, a heroin addicted card dealer just released from prison who is trying to make it as a jazz drummer. But back in his old neighborhood and his old haunts, Frankie is stuck with people trying to keep him down.
Unlike Anatomy of a Murder which featured strong supporting performances, the acting work of Darren McGavin, Arnold Stange and Eleanor Parker does not rise above two-dimensional stock characters. Only Kim Novak's portrayal of Frankie's mistress Molly Novotny rises above the two dimensions as the only individual who genuinely cares for Frankie and tries to get him clean.
The Man with a Golden Arm is a very depressing film. Of course, there are few laughs when it comes to the throes of heroin addiction. This film has not been seldom seen since Preminger's death in 1986 due to disputes arising from his estate as it was an independent production under his name. Indeed, the copy of this film was downloaded online. We were warned that its resolution was not very good. But it looked fine for what it was. Given the subject matter, perhaps a lack of clarity is in order.
In a little while, I will put together a dispatch for the Film Noir of the 1960's spotlighting All Night Long and A Man Called Adam.